2014年MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语(3)

　　economists prevalent before the Great Depression who believed that the basic competitive model provided a good description of the economy and that if short periods of unemployment did occur, market forces would quickly restore the economy to full employment

　　classical unemployment 古典失业

　　unemployment that results from too-high real wages; it occurs in the supply constrained equilibrium, so that rightwards shifts in aggregate supply reduce the level of unemployment

　　competitive equilibrium price 竞争性均衡价格

　　the price at which the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are equal to each other

　　consumer protection legislation 消费者保护法

　　laws aimed at protecting consumers, for instance by assuring that consumers have more complete information about items they are considering buying

　　consumer sovereignty 消费者权益

　　the principle that holds that each individual is the best judge of what makes him better off

　　consumption function 消费函数

　　the relationship between disposable income and consumption

　　contingency clauses 应变条款

　　statements within a contract that make the level of payment or the work to be performed conditional upon various factors

　　corporate income tax 公司所得税

　　a tax based on the income, or profit, received by a corporation

　　correlation 相关

　　relationship that results when a change in one variable is consistently associated with a change in another one

　　cost-push inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀

　　inflation whose initial cause is a rise in production costs

　　Cournot competition 古诺竞争

　　an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to a certain level of production and that rivals will reduce their prices as needed to sell that amount

　　credentials competition 文凭竞争

　　the trend in which prospective workers acquire higher educational credentials, not so much because of anything they actually learn in the process but to onvince potential employers to hire them by signaling that they will be more productive employees than those with weaker credentials

　　credit constraint effect 信贷约束效应

　　when prices fall, firms’ revenues also fall, but the money they owe creditors remains unchanged; as a result, firms have fewer funds of their own to invest. Because of credit rationing, firms cannot make up the difference; accordingly, investment decreases

　　credit rationing 信贷配给

　　credit is rationed when no lender is willing to make a loan to a borrower or the amount lenders are willing to lend to borrowers is limited, even if the borrower is willing to pay more than other borrowers of comparable risk who are getting loans

　　cross subsidization 交叉补贴

　　the practice of charging higher prices to one group of consumers in order to subsidize lower prices for another group