2014年MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语(3)

　　Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand for the other good

　　Constant returns to scale 规模收益不变

　　The property that long-run average total cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes

　　Consumer price index 消费物价指数

　　A measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer

　　Consumer surplus 消费者剩余

　　A buyer’s willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pays

　　Consumption 消费

　　Spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing

　　Cost 成本

　　The value of everything a seller must give up to produce a good

　　Cost-benefit analysis 成本—收益分析

　　A study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public good

　　Crowding-out effect 挤出效应The offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reducesinvestment spending

　　Currency 通货

　　The paper bills and coins in the hands of the public

　　Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业

　　The deviation of unemployment from its natural rate

　　capital gain 资本增值

　　the increase in the value of an asset between the time it is purchased and the time it is sold

　　capital market 资本市场

　　the market in which savings are made available to investors

　　categorical assistance 分类帮助

　　public assistance aimed at a particular category of people, like the elderly or the disabled

　　causation 因果关系

　　relationship that results when an change in one variable is not only correlated with but actually causes the change in another one

　　central planning 中央计划

　　the system in which central government bureaucrats (as opposed to private entrepreneurs or even local government bureaucrats) determine what will be produced an how it will be produced

　　centralization 集权

　　organizational structure in which decision making is concentrated at the top

　　centrally planned economy 中央计划经济

　　an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the central government

　　certificate of deposit (CD) 存单

　　account in which money is deposited for a preset length of time, that must yield a slightly higher return to compensate for the reduced liquidity

　　circular flow 循环流程

　　how funds move through the capital, labor, and product markets between households, firms, the government, and the foreign sector

　　classical economists 古典经济学家