2015年同等学力申硕英语备考练习及答案解析(3)

2015-02-09 11:43:00来源:网络

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  Two studies are adding to the debate about the health risks of eating fish containing highlevels of the metal mercury (水银,汞)。 One study 1 that people who eat fish high inmercury may increase their risk 2 a heart attack. Yet another study found no 3between mercury and heart disease.

  Mercury is a natural 4 . Some bodies of water have become 5 with mercury.High levels of the metal have been found in large fish, 6 shark and swordfish. Scientistssay mercury can be 7 to people. For example, it can harm the developing brain of afetus(胎儿) or child. So some experts say that pregnant women 8 fish containing highlevels of mercury.9 , the American Heart Association and other experts have 10Americans to eat fish at least two times a week. Fish 11 important substances, and theyare believed to 12 the risk of heart disease.

  Scientists in Maryland organized one of the new studies. They examined 13 recordsof more than one thousand and four hundred men from Israel and eight European countries.They 14 men who had suffered a heart attack with healthy men. The study found that15 levels in the men who had a heart attack were fifteen percent 16 than those withno history of heart disease. However, a study by the Harvard School of Public Health inCambridge, Massachusetts 17 the findings. The Harvard scientists compared twogroups of about five hundred American men. All the men in one group 18 a heart attackand the other men showed no 19 of heart disease. The Harvard scientists found no linkbetween mercury and the risk of heart disease.

  Many doctors say people should not stop eating fish because of 20 about mercury.

  1. A) advises B) suggests C) predicts D) objects

  2. A) of having B) to have C) with having D) for having

  3. A) contradiction B) difference C) reason D) link

  4. A) constituent B) element C) component D) ingredient

  5. A) mixed B) infected C) polluted D) influenced

  6. A) as well as B) together with C) such as D) as large as

  7. A) harmful B) beneficial C) wicked D) evil

  8. A) should avoid eating B) may not eat

  C) may avoid eating D) must avoid to eat

  9. A) Therefore B) In addition C) For instance D) Howeverv

  10. A) warned B) forced C) advised D) halted

  11. A) are composed of B) contains C) involves D) are consisted of

  12. A) increase B) shrink C) reduce D) run

  13. A) logical B) psychological C) medical D) dental

  14. A) compared B) related C) connected D) competed

  15. A) water B) blood C) metal D) mercury

  16. A) lower B) less C) higher D) more

  17. A) approves B) violates C) accepts D) disputes

  18. A) have suffered B) have never suffered

  C) had suffered D) had never suffered

  19. A) sign B) evidence C) symptom D) hint

  20. A) interests B) information C) concerns D) conclusions

  [答案与解析]

  Passage Two

  1.B。这句话的意思是“一项研究_________:人们食用富含汞的鱼会增加他们得心脏病的风险”;这里描述的是一项研究的结果如何,A项意为“建议,劝告”,B项意为“显示,暗示”,C项意为“预言,预告”,D项意为“反对,不赞成”,比较四个选项,只有B填人句中较为恰当。

  2.A。risk of something/doing something 是固定词组,因此选A项。

  3.D。这句话的意思是“但另一项研究没有发现汞与心脏病有任何_______”;很显然,这里在讨论汞和心脏病之间的联系,A项意为“矛盾”,B项意为“不同之处”,C项意为“原因”,D项意为“(两个事物之间的)联系”,可见D项最恰当。

  4.B。这句话的意思是“汞是一种自然_______”;四个选项中只有B项有化学意义上的“元素”之意,A项意为“成分,部分”,泛指形成整体的部分,C项意为“部分,成分”,尤指组成机器等的各部分,D项意为“(混合物的)成分,烹调的原料”,均不适合句意。

  5.C。这句话的意思是“一些水体已经被汞_________”;A项意为“被混合”,但由于水和汞是不能混合互溶的,因此它用在这里不合适,B项意为“(生物)被传染,被传播疾病于”,C项意为“被污染”,D项意为“被影响”,但未指出这种影响是好是坏,可见C项用在句中最恰当。

  6.C。由“鲨鱼和剑鱼”属于large fish“大型鱼类”可知,这是在举例,因此选C。

  7.A。由下文For example,it can harm the developing brain of a fetus(胎儿)or child“譬如,它能损害胎儿或儿童的正在发育中的大脑”可知汞对人体有害,因此选A项“有损害的,有害的”;C项“邪恶的,恶毒的”和D项“邪恶的”,均不能用来形容汞这种自然物质。

  8.A。这句话的意思是“因此一些专家建议孕妇_________含汞浓度高的鱼类”;A项意为“应该避免吃”,用在句中较合适,强调了孕妇应避免摄人汞的重要性,B项“可以不吃”以及C项“可以避免吃”的语气不够强烈,不足以强调汞的危害,avoid之后应搭配动名词,不能搭配不定式,因此D项也不恰当。

  9.D。前一句表明了汞对人体的危害巨大,而此句的意思是鼓励人们吃鱼,两句之间有转折意味,因此D项为正确答案。

  10.C。由to eat fish at least two times a week“至少每周吃鱼两次”可见另一些专家建议人们吃鱼,否则不必要强调at least two times a week。advise somebody to do something“建议某人做某事”是固定词组,因此C项为正确答案;A项意为“警告,提醒注意”,一般指不好的事情即将发生或者如何预防不好的事情发生,B项意为“强迫,迫使”,D项意为“阻止”,不符合句意,因此A、B、D三项均不恰当。

  11.B。这句话的意思是“鱼类_________重要物质,这些物质被认为能够减少患心脏病的风险”;B项“(自身)包含,含有”,指所容纳的东西是其组成的一部分,用在句中较合适,而A项意为“由…组成”,指包含的人或事物构成整体的全部,但事实上并不是所有构成鱼的物质对人体都是重要的,C项指根据整体的性质决定应包含有某些成分或结果,consist of 没有被动形式。

  12.C。结合上题解释,C项“减少”为正确答案,B项虽然也有“使收缩,使减小”之意,但它是不及物动词。

  13.C。这句话的意思是“科学家们检查了来自以色列和8个欧洲国家的1400多名男性的记录”;根据上下文,这项研究与心脏病的发病几率有关,因此这里选C项“医疗的,体格检查的”比较符合逻辑,而A项意为“逻辑的”,B项意为“心理学的”,D项意为“牙科的”,均与此项研究的对象无关。

  14.A。由下文可知科学家们将一组有过心脏病史的男性与另一组健康男性作比较,因此选A项“将…与…作比较”;relate with 意为“将…与…相联系”,connect with意为“将…与…相连接”,compete with 意为“使…相对抗,竞赛”,均不恰当。

  15.D。本文的中心是讨论汞与人体健康的关系,且联系上下文,可知此句的意思是“研究发现有心脏病史的男性体内汞含量比那些无心脏病史的男性高出15%”,因此这里应选D项。

  16.C。结合上题解释,可排除A、B两项,又因为比较水平level高低时不能用 more 和 less,而是用 higher 和 lower,因此正确答案为C。

  17.D。通过有转折意味的 however 可知此句观点与本段前半部分相矛盾,因此可排除A、C两项,贬义词 violate 意为“违反,违背(诺言,协议等)”,用在这里也不恰当,只有dispute“对…提出质疑,怀疑”最恰当。

  18.C。这句话的意思是“其中一组中的所有人都_________心脏病,而另一组人没有心脏病证据记录”;可见,这两句是对比关系,前一组的所有人必定都患过心脏病,因此可排除B、D两项,又由于本句为过去时态,且前半段也曾出现过相同的句式Theycompared men who had suffered a heart attack with healthy men,所以此处不应该用现在完成时,而是过去完成时,显然正确答案为C项。

  19.B。这后半句话的意思是“没有相关__________来证明另一组男性犯过心脏病。”A项指某事发生前的“征兆,迹象”,B项“根据,证据”,它指既成事实;C项意为“(患病时的)症状”,D项“暗示,细微的迹象”也通常用在某事发生之前,比较起来B最恰当。

  20.C。这句话的意思是“许多医生告诫人们不要由于对汞的危害的_________而停止吃鱼”,concern 作名词时有“忧虑”之意,填人句中最为恰当。

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