同等学力英语语法专项复习：复合从句

　　D. 关系代词在定语从句中有时也充当介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词 + which 或介词 + whom ，而不用介词 + that 来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可用that 代替which 或whom ，且that 这时可省去。例如：

　　This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.

　　One of my colleagues whom (that) you are familiar with come today.

　　3. 状语从句

　　在复合句中，起状语作用的从句称作状语从句。根据语义，状语从句分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句。

　　A. 时间状语从句。

　　例如：

　　When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.

　　Until we learn the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

　　(1) when、as、while 引导时间状语从句时都可以表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，即同时性。它们的区别在于：when 和as 引导的状语从句中的动作可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，即瞬时性;while 引导的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或状态。当主句和从句中的动作均为延续性动作时，一般用while，而不用when 或as。当表示两个同时发展、变化的情况下，一般用as, 作“随着⋯⋯”解。例如：

　　When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.

　　As she got older, she got wiser.

　　While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.

　　(2) 有些副词和一些表示时间的名词词组也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。如：instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment 等。例如：

　　Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.

　　The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.

　　B. 条件状语从句

　　引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, as (so), only if (只要)。例如：

　　If you don’t come on time, we’ll start out without you.

　　As (so) long as you keep on trying, you’ll certainly succeed.

　　除了以上提到的从属连词外，还有其他的一些词或词组也可引导条件状语从句。例如：providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in case 等。例如：

　　Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win the election.

　　C. 原因状语从句

　　引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, since, as, now (that), in that, considering

　　that 等。例如：

　　Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.

　　in that 和now (that) 的用法：in that 引导的从句对主句进行解释或说明，意思是：在⋯⋯方面，在于⋯⋯;因为。now (that) 表示既然。例如：

　　Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.

　　Now (that) the weather has improved, let’s go out for a picnic.

　　D. 让步状语从句

　　引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter,despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。例如：

　　Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.

　　Despite the fact that there exist national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.

　　一些疑问词在词尾加上ever 后，也可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter + 疑问词。这些词包括：whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however 。例如：

　　Whatever he says, don’t believe him.

　　Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.

　　E. 目的状语从句

　　引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that 。例如：They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city.

　　Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.

　　so that 和in order that 的区别：so that 更常用，in order that 更正式。so that 引导的从句一般置于句末，而in order that 引导的从句既可置于句首，又可置于句末。例如：

　　In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.

　　She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

　　F. 结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句一般由下列连词引导：so that、so…that、such…that。例如：

　　He overslept, (so) that he was late for work.

　　They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.

　　(1) so… that 和such… that 的区别。so 后接形容词或副词，such 后接名词。例如：

　　It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.

　　It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.

　　(2) so that 既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。so that 引导目的状语从句时，一般从句动词前会出现can (could) 、may (might) 、shall (should), 而so that 引导的结果状语从句表示客观事实，不会出现上述词语。引导结果状语从句的so that 前常有逗号，表示强调。so that 引导的目的状语从句可置于句首，而so that 引导的结果状语从句只能置于句末。例如：

　　He left early so that he could catch the train.

　　他早早动身，以便能赶上车。(目的)

　　He left early, so that he caught the train.

　　他早早动身，赶上了火车。(结果)

　　G. 方式状语从句

　　引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as、as if (though)、the way、how。例如：

　　He made some changes as you had suggested.

　　She was behaving as if (though) she hadn’t grown up.

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