2015年同等学力申硕英语：练习题及答案(3)

　　Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

　　The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财)in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

　　Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output –and just 3% of the nation’s.

　　1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?

　　A. It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.

　　B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.

　　C. It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.

　　D. It will increase America’s energy consumption.

　　2. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ______.

　　A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

　　B. tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil

　　C. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

　　D. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

　　3. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ______.

　　A. it can cause serious damage to the environment

　　B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

　　C. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

　　D. it will not have much commercial value

　　4. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para .3)?

　　A. Oil exploitation takes a long time

　　B. The oil drilling should be delayed

　　C. Don’t be too optimistic

　　D. Don’t expect fast returns

　　5. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ______.

　　A. remains a controversial issue

　　B. is expected to get under way soon

　　C. involves a lot of technological problems

　　D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

　　答案及解析：

　　本文探讨了美国北极国家野外保护区的石油是否应该开采的问题，文章介绍了支持者和 反对者对此问题的不同观点。

　　1. C。细节题。由题干中的tapping oil in ANWR 定位到文章第一段第三句“布什认为这样做可以缓解加州的电力危机，促进国家的能源独立性”。句中的provide a major boost to the country´s energy independence 与 C 项中的 help reduce the nation´s oil imports 是同义转述。

　　2. A。推断题。从第二段首句The oil industry goes with the high end of the range 中可以看出石油界对在北极国家野生动物保护区开采石油的积极性非常高，认为该地区能采出很高的油量。事实上，第二段中接下来提到的支持者的观点能够说明石油界的态度。作者在第二段第四句指出“石油繁荣还意味着阿拉斯加州和联邦政府会在税收收入、开采权使用费和租赁费用方面获得几十亿美元的意外之财”。由此可见石油界认为在该地区开采石油会有高回报。

　　3. B。细节题。在第三段中第二句作者指出 a drop in the buket that would do virtually nothing to ease America´s energy problems ，B项中的can do little to solve 是原文的同义转述。

　　4. C。语义题。Not so fast 出现在第三段。文章第二段提到了石油开采支持者的乐观看法;他们认为开采石油的巨大经济利益还没有体现出来。第三段作者提出反对石油开采的环保主义者的观点：ANWR的石油开采量根本无法缓解美国的能源问题。由此可知 Not so fast 应该是反对石油开采的环保主义者的观点，即否定支持者开采石油的乐观态度。

　　5. A。推断题。本文开篇提到美国北极国家野外保护区石油开采问题，第二段中作者指出支持者的观点，第三段中指出反对者的观点，最后作者也没有给出争论的结果。这说明该地区的石油开采问题是一个有争议的话题。

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