2015年同等学力申硕英语模拟题精选(1)

　　Passage Four

　　Initial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes. It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container.

　　But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. “We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight,” wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969. “We don’t know why.” Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked.

　　Floating around in space isn’t as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies. Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. “A low-salt diet helps slow the process, but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is often used to help preserve foods,” says Vickie Kloeris of NASA. “We have to be very careful of that.”

　　By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-dried or heat-treated to kill bacteria, and they didn’t look like regular food.

　　Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake. The ISS is a joint venture between the U.S. and Russia, and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA’s food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008, about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can’t eat with whatever they want whenever they feel like it.

　　In 2008, NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space. It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station’s food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna(金枪鱼) in a lemon-garlic sauce-eaten from a bag, of course.

　　49. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?

　　A. They had to be eaten from a bag.

　　B. They tasted better than they looked.

　　C. They could not make eating as easy as possible.

　　D. They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.

　　50. It seems that astronauts’ weight loss .

　　A. was an unusual problem among astronauts

　　B. was what puzzled the early scientists

　　C. caused new problems in space flights

　　D. drew the attention of the general public

　　51. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space .

　　A. is easier said than done B. is not absolutely necessary

　　C. has worked as expected D. will be the future trend

　　52. In the International Space Station, .

　　A. there is enough space to store enough foods for astronauts

　　B. there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countries

　　C. astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countries

　　D. astronauts’ need to eat their favorite foods can’t always be met

　　53. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus’ cooking in space .

　　A. left much to be desired B. wasn’t worth the effort

　　C. was quite satisfactory D. has inspired the others

　　54. The passage mainly introduces .

　　A. the variety of food options in space

　　B. the dietary need of astronauts in space

　　C. the problems of living in the space station

　　D. the improvement of food offered in space

　　Passage Five

　　Is it possible to be both fat and fit-not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55. Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese(overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91﹪ higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease.

　　That’s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an “obsession… and it’s not grounded in solid data”.

　　Blair’s most fascinating study, in the Journal of American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims. Since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether.

　　“There is an ‘association’ between obesity and fitness,” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here’s a shock: among classⅡ obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9], about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit.”

　　One day-probably about a hundred years from now-this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you’ll live longer if you move it around a bit.

　　55. It can be learned that the 2008 research .

　　A. posed a challenge to the 2004 study

　　B. confirmed the findings of the 2004 study

　　C. solved the problems left behind by the 2004 study

　　D. had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study

　　56. Steven Blair probably describes the previous studies as .

　　A. unreliable B. uncreative C. unrealistic D. untraditional

　　57. The major difference between Blair’s study and the previous research is that .

　　A. Blair excluded the participants’ fitness as a factor

　　B. Blair guessed the participants’ fitness after weighing them

　　C. Blair required the participants to assess their own fitness

　　D. Blair evaluated the participants’ fitness through physical tests

　　58. Blair’s study proves that .

　　A. the weight problem should be taken seriously

　　B. weight and fitness are strongly connected

　　C. it is possible to be both fat and fit

　　D. fat people have a higher death rate

　　59. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author .

　　A. shows no preference for any researcher

　　B. finds no agreement between the researchers

　　C. obviously favors the Blair study

　　D. obviously favors the Harvard study

　　60. The purpose of writing this passage is to .

　　A. call on people to pay attention to weight problem

　　B. present the different findings of various weight studies

　　C. compare the strength and weakness of different studies

　　D. offer suggestions on how to remain fit and live longer

　　Part IV Cloze (15minutes, 15points)

　　Directions: in this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D choose the best answer foe each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them. A child rarely dislikes food 61 it is badly cooked. The 62 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 63 served meal will improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child 64 he likes or dislikes a food and never 65 likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother 66 vegetables, in the child’s hearing he is 67 to copy this procedure. Take it 68 granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a 69 dislike. At meal times it is a good 70 to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as 71 as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child during meal times, but let him go on with his food; and do not 72 him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food 73 he can hurry back to his toys. Under 74 circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) 75 forced to eat.

　　61. A. if B. until C. that D. unless

　　62. A. procedure B. process C. way D. method

　　63. A. adequately B. attractively C. urgently D. eagerly

　　64. A. whether B. what C. that D. which

　　65. A. remark B. tell C. discuss D. argue

　　66. A. opposes B. denies C. refuses D. offends

　　67. A. willing B. possible C. obliged D. likely

　　68. A. with B. as C. over D. for

　　69. A. supposed B. proved C. considered D. related

　　70. A. point B. custom C. idea D. plan

　　71. A. much B. little C. few D. many

　　72. A. agree B. allow C. force D. persuade

　　73. A. so B. until C. lest D. although

　　74. A. some B. any C. such D. no

　　75. A. or B. nor C. but D. neither

　　Paper Two试卷二

　　Part I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)

　　Section A

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　The new year always brings an old problem for students who return to campus after a long winter holiday. As the spring semester begins, some students find themselves having to adapt to college life all over again - a process they refer to as "the holiday blues", or "post-holiday syndrome".

　　Students must return to the uncomfortable confines of life with roommates in a crowded dormitory. Just ask 19-year-old Jiang Cheng, who lived in a spacious, well-decorated home in Tianjin over the break. Now back in the university, Jiang is sleeping on a wooden board and a few blankets, which causes his body aching.