2015年同等学力申硕：英语练习及答案解析(6)

　　Our bodies are wonderfully skilful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps，we sweat to cool down. When our blood pressure falls，our hearts pound to compensate. As it turned out，though，our natural state is not a steady one. Researchers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun，moon and seasons. And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer. Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the growing field of “chronotherapeutics”，the strategic use of time(chronos)in medicine. But according to a new American Medical Association poll，three out of four are eager to change that.“The field is exploding”，says Michael Smolensky.“Doctors used to look at us like‘What spaceship did you guys get off?’ Now they’re thirsty to know more.”

　　In medical school，most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates.“It’s a terrible way to treat disease.”says Dr. Richard Martin. For example，asthmatics(气喘患者)are most likely to suffer during the night. Yet most patients strive to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night，whether by breathing in on an inhaler(吸入器)four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening. In recent studies，researchers have found that a large mid-afternoon dose of a bronchodilator(支气管扩张剂)can be as safe as several small doses，and better for preventing nighttime attacks.

　　If the night belongs to asthma，the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease. Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a.m. as at 11 p. m.. Part of the reason is that our blood pressure fails predictably at night，then peaks as we start to work for the day.“Doctors know that”，says Dr. Henry Black of Chicago’s Medical Center，“but until now，we haven’t been able to do anything about it.”Most blood pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief. But because they’re taken in the morning，they’re least effective when most needed.“You take your pill at 7 and it’s working by 9，”says Dr. William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center，“but by that time you’ve gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection.”Bedtime dosing would prevent that lapse，but it would also push blood pressure to dangerously low levels during the night.

　　61. According to the passage，how do human bodies maintain balance?

　　A. They adjust themselves timely in line with their physical conditions.

　　B. People increase or lower the body temperature by sweating.

　　C. People’s hearts pound to compensate when the blood pressure goes up.

　　D. Both B and C.

　　62. Researchers are finding that .

　　A. heart disease and cancer are the most common killers of human beings

　　B. blood pressure and brain function are decided by cycles of sun，moon and seasons

　　C. the functions of human bodies have much to do with nature

　　D. any change in human bodies goes systematically with changes in the environment

　　63. According to the author，it is best for asthmatics to take their medicines .

　　A. at steady rates B. each morning and evening

　　C. when the disease occurs D. at mid-afternoon

　　64. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Doctors know more about chronotherapeutics than before.

　　B. Doctors in the U.S. used to be thirsty to know more about the new medical field.

　　C. The researchers’ insights are providing new strategies to prevent common killers.

　　D. The strategic use of time in medicine attracts more attention in the medical circle in the U.S..

　　65. The suggested title for this passage might be .

　　A. Medicine is Everything B. Treatment is Everything

　　C. Timing is Everything D. Prevention is Everything

　　答案解析：

　　我们的身体能够极好地保持平衡。当体温上升时，我们就会出汗降温。当血压下降时，我们的心脏就会加速跳动来补充。正如所显示的，尽管我们身体的自然状态并不稳定。研究人员发现，从血压到大脑的功能等所有东西都有节奏地随着太阳、月亮和季节的循环而变化。他们的领悟正在为防止像心脏病和癌症这样的常见疾病杀手形成新的策略。只有1/20的医生非常了解“历时治疗法”这个不断扩大的领域在医学上对时间的战略性应用。但是，根据美国一项新的医学协会的调查，3/4的人渴望改变这种“该领域正在被开放”的状况。迈克·西蒙伦斯基说：“医生过去这样看我们，比如‘你们从什么太空船上来的?’现在，他们渴望知道更多。”

　　在医学院，大多数医生知道，慢性病患者应该有规律地服药。“治疗疾病是一种可怕的职业。”理查德·马丁医生说。比如，气喘患者经常在夜间犯病。不过，大多数病人坚持全天服用不变的药量，不管是每天通过吸入器呼吸四次，还是每天早晚服用一次药。在最近的一项调查中，研究人员发现：下午期间大量服用支气管扩张剂可能和服用很多小剂量的支气管扩张剂的安全性是一样的，而且能更好地防止病人在夜间犯病。

　　如果夜间是哮喘病的多发期，那么黎明时就是高血压和心脏病的多发期。上午九点时发作心脏病是晚上十一点时发作的两倍。部分原因是：我们不能在夜间预知我们的血压;然后，白天我们开始工作时，血压升到最高点。“医生知道这一点，”芝加哥医疗中心的亨利·布莱克医生说，“但是，直到现在我们还是对此无能为力。”大多数的降压药可以起18～20小时的作用。但是，由于这些药是上午吃的，当病人最需要降压时，这些药的药效却最小了。“你七点钟吃药，药效可以保持到九点，”康涅狄格健康中心的威廉·怀特医生说，“但到那时，在没有保护的情况下，你已经度过了最危险的四个小时”。睡觉时服药可以防止血压下降，但也会使血压在夜间降到危险的程度。

　　61. 【正确答案】A

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】根据本文，人类的身体如何保持平衡?

　　A. 它们根据身体的状况及时调节自己。

　　B. 人类通过出汗增加或降低身体的温度。

　　C. 当血压上升的时候，人的心脏会加快跳动补充血液。

　　D. B选项和C选项。

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“Our bodies are wonderfully skilful at maintaining balance... that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun，moon and seasons.”表明选项A是正确答案。B选项和原文第1段的内容“When the temperature jumps，we sweat to cool down.”不符合。C选项和原文第1段的内容“When our blood pressure falls，our hearts pound to compensate.”不符合。

　　62. 【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】研究人员正在探索 。

　　A. 心脏病和癌症是人类最普遍的“杀手”

　　B. 血压和大脑的功能是由太阳、月亮和季节所决定的

　　C. 人类身体的功能和自然界有很大的关联

　　D. 人类身体的任何改变都和环境的变化有关

　　线索：文章的第1段“... everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun，moon and seasons.”的内容告诉我们，人类的身体任何变化和它周围的环境有紧密的联系，所以选项D是正确答案。选项A和原文第1段的内容“such common killers as heart disease and cancer.”不符合。选项B混淆了原文的内容“everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun，moon and seasons.”不符合，原文说的是它们会伴随季节的变化而变化，而不是被这些因素决定。选项C原文没有提到。

　　63. 【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】根据本文，气喘患者最好 服药。

　　A. 有规律地 B. 每天早上和晚上

　　C. 当疾病发作时 D. 在下午

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“In recent studies，researchers have found that a large mid-afternoon dose of a bronchodilator(支气管扩张剂)can be as safe as several small doses，and better for preventing nighttime attacks.”表明午后大剂量的用药或多次的小剂量的用药在安全性上是相同的，甚至能更好地防止夜间发作。选项A在原文的第2段“In medical school，most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates.”提到，但它是作者要反对的内容。

　　64. 【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】细节排除

　　【解析过程】下面哪句说法是错的?

　　A. 医生对历时治疗方法比从前更加了解。

　　B. 美国医生过去经常对于新的医学领域的知识如饥似渴。

　　C. 研究人员正在想方法提供新的措施阻止这些普通的“杀手”。

　　D. 用药时间的合理安排在美国的医疗领域吸引了更多的注意力。

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“Doctors used to look at us like，‘What spaceship did you guys get off ?’ Now they’re thirsty to know more.”和选项B的内容相反。选项A在原文的第1段提到“But according to a new American Medical Association poll，three out of four are eager to change that‘The field is exploding’，says Michael Smolensky.”，所以A正确。选项C在原文第1段“And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer.”提到。选项D在文章的第2段和第3段都有提到。

　　65. 【正确答案】C

　　【考点类型】主旨判断

　　【解析过程】本文的标题可以是 。

　　A. 医药是万能的 B. 治疗是万能的

　　C. 选择适宜的时间是万能的 D. 预防是万能的

　　整篇文章主要是讨论调整时间对于用药的积极意义，所以选项C是正确答案。

本文选自新东方在线论坛。