2015同等学力英语阅读练习(14)

　　Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author，he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts，he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize—the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year，after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war，someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime(揭发). Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis，famous for explaining the nation’s history，had some explaining to do about his own past.

　　“Even in the best of lives，mistakes are made.”said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army，he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point(西点军校). He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues，fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers，security experts say，one in ten is deceiving-indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism(剽窃)，fictionalizing military records，making up false academic certificates or worse. And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：“It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”

　　Then what makes them do it?Psychologists say some people succeed，at least in part，because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.“From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”says Dennis Shulman，a New York psychoanalyst.“But inside，they feel hollow，empty.”

　　1. Which of the following is true about Ellis?

　　A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point.

　　B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.

　　C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.

　　D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaper—The Boston Globe.

　　2. While Ellis served in the Army，he .

　　A. combated in Vietnam

　　B. taught at a military school

　　C. exaggerated his part as a historian

　　D. made mistakes in the antiwar movement

　　3. What did Ellis lie about?

　　A. His war experience in Vietnam.

　　B. His athletic records in high school.

　　C. His role in the antiwar movement.

　　D. All of the above.

　　4. What does“to climb the ladder”in the second paragraph mean?

　　A. To become more successful.

　　B. To inquire into one’s background.

　　C. To cover one’s serious offenses.

　　D. To go further in beautifying one’s past.

　　5. According to psychologists，successful people who lie about themselves .

　　A. take pride in their weaknesses B. feel weak in their hearts

　　C. think nothing of others D. look weak to others

　　答案解析：

　　1. 【正确答案】C

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】关于埃利斯下面哪句话是对的?

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam.”和“the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war.”表明选项C是正确答案。选项B和原文的内容“his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize”不符合，属于偷换概念。

　　【考点提示】同学们在做题的时候一定要谨防偷换概念的错误，这种选项特别具有迷惑性。

　　2. 【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】埃利斯在军队服役的期间，他 。

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point(西点军校).”表明选项B是正确答案。选项C原文中没有提到。选项A和原文的内容相反。选项D和原文的内容不符合“He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement”。

　　【考点提示】根据题干的线索词返回原文寻找答案，对比四个选项判断正确答案。

　　3. 【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】埃利斯撒谎说了什么?

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point(西点军校). He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records.”表明选项D是正确答案。

　　【考点提示】根据题号的顺序返回原文相应的段落，寻找线索词判断答案。

　　4. 【正确答案】A

　　【考点类型】句子理解

　　【解析过程】文章第2段“爬梯子”的含义是 。

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：‘It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.’”表明选项A是正确答案。

　　【考点提示】根据常识，选项A的可能性比较大。把该选项的内容放到原文中，如果能顺利的读通，就证明该选项是正确答案。

　　5. 【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】根据心理学家的说法，通过撒谎取得成功的人 。

　　线索：文章的第3段提到“And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.‘From outside，these people look anything but fragile，’”表明选项B是正确答案。

　　【考点提示】关键理解原文中“nothing but fragile”的理解，表示这些人都非常脆弱。