2015同等学力英语阅读练习(11)

　　Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams, a window opens into, a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it."

　　Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nof zinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the "emotional-brain")is relatively quiet."We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day", says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

　　The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events until, it appears, we begin to dream.

　　And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

　　At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic", Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dream on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

　　1. Researchers have come to believe that dreams

　　A. can be modified in their courses

　　B. are susceptible to emotional changes

　　C. reflect our innermost desires and fears

　　D. are a random outcome of neural repairs

　　2. What's the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A. Dream is a kind of the neural-repair work.

　　B. Emotions affect the content of dreams.

　　C. Dreams can be controlled by oneself's mind.

　　D. Mental image provides the evidence for Cartwright's idea.

　　3. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

　　A. its function in our dreams

　　B. the mechanism of REM sleep

　　C. the relation of dreams to emotions

　　D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex

　　4. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to

　　A. aggravate in our unconscious mind B. develop into happy dreams

　　C. persist till the time we fall asleep D. show up in dreams early at night

　　5. Cartwright seems to suggest that

　　A. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

　　B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

　　C. dreams should be left to their natural progression

　　D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

　　6. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

　　A. Lead your life as usual. B. Seek professional help.

　　C. Exercise conscious control. D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

　　参考答案：

　　1. A　　解析：由第一段末"Rosalind说，梦是你自己的，如果你不喜欢，你就换一个"。可知，研究人员认为梦可以改变。A项与文章的意思相符，为正确答案。

　　2. D　　A选项是第一段的观点，B选项则是第三段主要讨论的，C项则是整篇都在讨论的观点，只有D项才是题中所问的第而自然段的主要观点。

　　3. C　　本题可参照文章的第二段。从中可知，Eric Nofzinger博士说在REM(眼睛快速运动)睡眠期间，大脑十分活跃，正如在完全清醒时一样。但是，并非大脑的所有部分都是这样;脑边缘系统("情感大脑")就相对平静;无论我们从梦中醒来时是高兴还是沮丧，那些情感都可能整日伴随我们。据此可知，作者提到脑边缘系统是想说明做梦与情感之间的联系。C项与作者的意图相符，为正确答案。

　　4. D　　本题可参照文章的第三段。大多数人似乎在晚上睡眠初期会做更多噩梦，在睡醒前逐渐转为较愉快的梦，这表示他们在力图消除白天产生的不良情感。据此可知，D项的"在夜里早些时候的梦境中出现"与文章的意思相符，为正确答案。

　　5. D　　解本题可参照文章的最后两段。从中可知，这个过程不应该被看成是潜意识的;partwright认为，一个人可以经过练习，有意识地控制反复出现的噩梦。据此可知，D项的"做梦可能不完全属于无意识行为"与文章的意思相符，为正确答案。

　　6. A　　本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知，可能很少有什幺理由使我们关注自己的梦，除非那些梦使我们无法睡眠，或者，"我们在恐慌中惊醒"，Cartwright说;恐怖主义、经济的不确定性以及通常的不安全感加重了人们的焦虑;那些持续遭受噩梦折磨的人，应当寻求治疗专家的帮助;对我们其余的人来说，大脑有它自己化解糟糕情绪的办法;放心地睡觉-或者尽管去做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好一些。据此可知，Cartwright可能认为不经常做噩梦的人没有必要担心。A项的"像平常一样生活"与Cartwright的观点相符。因此A项为正确答案。