2015同等学力英语阅读练习(8)

　　The study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events, and statistics. The students' skills are then tested by examinations that require them to show how much of the data they remember. From this experience a number of conclusions seem obvious: the study of history is the study of "facts" about the past; the more "facts" you know, the better you are as a student of history. But in this way students may become confused upon discovering that historians often disagree sharply. They discover that historians dealing with the same event may come to quite different conclusions about it.

　　Obviously, there is no easy solution to this problem. Historians disagree because each historian views the past from a particular perspective. Once students grasp this, they have taken the first step toward being able to evaluate the work of various historians. But before they can take this first step, students must consider a problem they have more or less taken for granted. They must ask themselves what history really is.

　　The word history has several meanings. In its broadest sense, it denotes the whole of the human past. More restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of human life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written documents. Finally, history may be defined as that which historians write about the past.

　　1. What is the meaning of the word "fat" in Line 1?

　　A. Big. B. Hard. C. Thick. D. Well-filled.

　　2. What do most history teachers require their students to do, according to the first paragraph?

　　A. They ask their students to read a lot of history books.

　　B. They make their students show interest in names, dates, events, and statistics.

　　C. They ask their students to take many examinations.

　　D. They make students get involved in many names, dates, events and statistics, and keep them in mind.

　　3. Why do students become confused?

　　A. They can not understand the "fact" about the past.

　　B. They are confused by their teachers.

　　C. They find the descriptions and explanations of the same historical events are different from one historian to another.

　　D. They don't know that the quite different conclusions may come out from the same event.

　　4. Why do historians disagree with each other?

　　A. They stand in different places.

　　B. They just pick up the most important facts they believe.

　　C. They are not good friends.

　　D. Both B and C.

　　5. What does "a problem" in Line 4 para.2 refer to?

　　A. the connotation of the history itself

　　B. The historian has different views towards the past.

　　C. The history's meaning is various.

　　D. The students have the ability to judge the history book.

　　6. Which of the following statements is NOT perfectly true?

　　A. There is no way to solve the problem of disagreements among historians.

　　B. If the students want to evaluate the work of various historians, they should first know what history really is.

　　C. History is of course written by historians.

　　D. The concept of history in students' mind is different from that in historians' mind.

　　参考答案：

　　1. C。　　文中第一段第一句说："在对历史的学习上大部分学生通常是通过一本fat教科书人门的，随后便沉浸在数不清的名字、日期、事件和统计数字之中。"此处的"fat"只能理解为 "thick"的意思，这样才能与原句的"沉浸在……巨大的海洋中"相吻合。

　　2. D。　　文中第一段第二句说："学生的技能随后在考试中得到检测，这种考试就是要看看他们记住了多少史实。"由此可以推断出，选项D符合文意。

　　3. C。　　文中第一段最后两句说："但是当学生们采用这种方法进行历史学习时，他们会发现历史学家的观点时常是尖锐对立的，这也许会令他们困惑不解。他们发现历史学家在研究同样的事件时也许会得出完全不同的结论。"由此看出，选项C正确。

　　4. B。　　文中第二段、第三段对历史学家之间的分歧进行了解释：(1)历史学家总是从各自不同的角度去看待同一历史事件的;(2)历史学家对历史的含义有各自不同的理解，他们总是按自己对历史含义的理解去书写历史。由此可以推出选项B符合作者的本意。选项A和C文中均未提到。

　　5. A。　　整句话的意思是说，学生们在做这第一步前必须要考虑到一个问题。这个问题他们已经或多或少认为是理所应当的了。紧接着，后面就对这个问题进行了进一步阐述。那就是，他们必须要问自己历史究竟是什么。所以，正确答案为A。

　　6. C。　　在文中，作者是这样展开论述的：大部分学生学习历史就是记住历史"事实"，然而在对待这些"事实"上，历史学家却有各自不同的理解和解释，因为他们各自的视角和历史观都是不同的，但学生们会为此困惑不解的。因此，要想真正弄清历史，学生们必须问自己历史究竟是什么。选项A,B,D都符合文章的内容，惟有选项C文中没有提及。