2015同等学力英语阅读练习(7)

　　阅读理解：

　　At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997，it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able，through international agreements，to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and，more important，because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.

　　Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous(人口众多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

　　We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations，in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer，few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases，especially where there had been none.

　　1. The main purpose of this passage is to .

　　A. analyze the problem of global warming

　　B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions

　　C. convince people that global warming is a real threat

　　D. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

　　2. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that .

　　A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

　　B. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer

　　C. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

　　D. world technology is not able to solve the problem

　　3. In the passage the author implies that .

　　A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming

　　B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved

　　C. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layer

　　D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment

　　4. According to the author，it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because .

　　A. some people are irresponsible

　　B. it would cause a collapse of the world economy

　　C. it is only a goal to be reached in the future

　　D. some people are lacking in imagination

　　5. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?

　　A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.

　　B. They should provide advanced technology.

　　C. They should replace all the harmful substances.

　　D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

　　答案解析：

　　1. 【正确答案】A

　　【考点类型】主旨判断

　　【解析过程】文章的主要目的是 。

　　线索1：文章的第1段提到“At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997.”

　　线索2：文章的第3段提到“We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.”表明选项A应该是正确答案。

　　【考点提示】本文是一篇问题解决型的文章，文章的结构是提出问题，分析问题产生的原因，给出解决问题的办法，对办法进行评价。本文提出的问题是“全球变暖”，之后提出了解决办法，但因为经济的原因，解决方法并没有得到彻底的贯彻，对此作者作了详细的分析。所以，本文的主题应该是分析全球变暖问题。

　　2. 【正确答案】A

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】摆脱全球变暖威胁很困难的原因是 。

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口众多的)low-or medium- income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”表明选项A是正确答案。

　　B选项在原文的第3段提到“Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summe...”原文的寒冷区域在选项中没有出现，所以该选项不正确，犯了扩大范围的错误。

　　C选项和原文的内容相反“Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem.”

　　D选项和原文的内容不符合“In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.”并没有说技术不能解决该问题。

　　【考点提示】根据常识判断有的时候比较容易判断出选项的对与错。比如该题的选项A是比较容易选中的，内容上比较概括，语气比较婉转，和文章的中心非常贴近，这些都是正确选项的典型特征。选项B从常识的判断就不太可能是正确的答案。不太可能许多人欢迎全球变暖的事实，这和文章的中心是截然相反。

　　3. 【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】文章推断

　　【解析过程】文章的作者暗示 。

　　线索：文章的第1段的前几句话明确地表达了作者的观点，现在达成和保护环境有关的世界公约非常不容易。第1段的后半部分表达了在20世纪80年代，这种协议和措施是比较容易贯彻的，所以选项D是正确答案。选项C的“总是”太绝对化了，所以不正确。选项A和原文第2段的第1句话不符合，全世界数十年前就已经认识到了这个问题。选项B显然和原文的内容相反。

　　【考点提示】推断题是一种常考的题型。标志：learn，infer，imply，inform.

　　(1) 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

　　(2) 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项可能是正确答案。推理题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们对原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题是否读透。因此，不推的比推的好;推得近的比推得远的要好。

　　4. 【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】因果关系

　　【解析过程】根据作者表达，目前不可能在全球范围减少60%的二氧化碳释放物，因为 。

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”表明是因为经济原因，所以选项B是正确答案。

　　5. 【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】所有国家应该做些什么以帮助解决全球变暖的问题?

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous(人口众多的)low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”所以，解决全球变暖的问题需要全部国家在法律上做出承诺。