2015年在职工硕GCT英语考试词汇语法复习(8)

　　不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to)，在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语和状语。

　　1)　作定语

　　(1) 动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后有必要的介词。例如：

　　He’s a pleasant fellow to work with.

　　There’s nothing to worry about.

　　(2) 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如：time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。例如：

　　Women should have the right to receive education.

　　There is no time to hesitate.

　　(3)the first, the second, the last, the best等之后用不定式做定语。例如：

　　The monitor will be the first to come.

　　He was the last man to blame.

　　2)　作状语

　　(1) 作目的状语。

　　不定式作状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般置于句子末尾。但是，如果表示强调，亦可置于句首。其否定形式为：在不定式符号前加not。例如：

　　He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.

　　To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.

　　I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.

　　(2) 作结果状语。例如：

　　We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.

　　She left home, never to return again.

　　(3) 作原因状语

　　不定式做原因状语时，一般放在句子末尾。例如：

　　She burst into laughter to see his funny action.

　　The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.

　　(4) 有些固定词组带to不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子做独立成分。这些词有：to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth等。例如：

　　To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.

　　To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.

本文选自新东方在线论坛。