同等学力考试英语语法考点：名词主谓一致关系

2015-04-29 13:42:00来源：网络

　　主谓一致关系

　　英语中，主语和谓语在数、性和格上应该保持一致，但在实际应用中很容易被忽视，尤其是主语和谓语之间出现插入语，故考试中经常考到主谓一致。除了以上特殊名词谓语有特殊要求外，现将主谓一致的考点归纳如下：

　　(1) 复数原则：两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接做主语时;主语由both ...

　　and ... 连接时，谓语动词用复数。

　　Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常都是夏季的运动项目。

　　Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那个杂货店既卖面包，也卖黄油。

　　(2) 就近原则：由 either ... or ...;neither ... nor ...;not only...but also...;...or ...;there be ...等引导的主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的名词的单复数。

　　Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 受邀参加晚会的不仅有学生而且有教师。

　　(3) 就远原则：主语，+ as well as + 另一个主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于第一个主语的名词的单复数。

　　My mother，as well as my two brothers，has a key to the office.

　　我母亲，还有我的两个哥哥都有一把办公室的钥匙。

　　适用于同样规定的其他结构：

　　with...;together with...;along with...;including...;in addition to...;besides...;except...;as much as...;accompanied by ...;rather than...等。

　　(4) 表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。

　　One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 对于穷人来说，100美元是个不小的数目。

　　Twenty days has passed since I met her last time. 自从我上次见到她到现在已经过去二十天。( twenty days 这里不做整体看待，故谓语动词用复数)

　　(5) and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时，谓语用单数;若表示的是多个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

　　War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(War and peace是一对概念，看做一个主题)

　　同例：ham and eggs火腿蛋 steam and bread馒头

　　law and order法制 bread and butter面包黄油

　　apple pie and ice cream苹果派冰激凌 folk and knife刀叉

　　wheel and axle 轮轴 needle and thread针线

　　love and hate爱与恨 egg and rice 蛋炒饭

　　The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指同一个人)

　　The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指两个人)

　　A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.(指两只狗)

　　A black and white dog is playing in the yard.( 指一只狗)

　　(6) 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)

　　To work hard is necessary 努力工作是很必要的。

　　What I said and did is of no concern to you. 我所说的和所做的与你无关。

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