同等学力申硕英语精选习题(1)

　　Directions: In this part , there is a passage with ten blanks . For each blank there are four choices marked A , B , C and D . Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .

　　In the past few decades , remarkable findings have been made in ethnology , the study of animal social behavior . Earlier scientists had___1___that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics . Much more careful observation has shown that___2___variation occurs among the social ties of most species , showing that learning is a part of social life . That is , the statuses are not solely fixed by the genes___3___，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting . Imprinting is clearly not instinctive , but it is not quite like the learning of humans ; it is something in between the two . An illustration best___4___the nature of imprinting .Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts . Now we know that , shortly after they hatch , ducklings fix___5___any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it . so ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are___6___for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs . Thus , social ties can beconsiderably___7___, even ones that have a considerable base___8___by genetics .

　　Even among the social insects something like imprinting must influence social behavior . For example , biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely___9 ___instinct . But , in examininga " dance”that bees do to indicate the distance and direction ofa pollen source , observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively . At a higher level , the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpos learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting . Chimpanzees , for instance , generally___10___very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or otherwise fail to nurture the young .

　　1. A. assumed B. adopted C.believed D. surmised

　　2. A. considerate B. considerated C. considerable D. considering

　　3. A. What’s more B. Hence C. But D. However

　　4. A. clarifies B. classifies C. defines D. outlines

　　5. A. on B. with C. in D. within

　　6. A. appropriated B. substituted C. assigned D. distributed

　　7. A. varied B. deviated C. differed D. altered

　　8. A. fashioned B. modified C. influenced D. affected

　　9. A. by B. out of C. from D. through

　　10. A. prove B.make C. turn D. create

　　答案解析：

　　1. 【答案】 A

　　【解析】assume 意为“假定，设想”，多用于未证实的假定，根据题意，“早期的科学家，假定非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的”，所以A 项为正确答案。B 项adopt 意为“采用，接受” ; C 项believe 意为“相信” ; D 项surmise 意为“猜测，推测”，相当于“guess”。如：She surmised as such . (她如此猜测。)

　　2. 【答案】C

　　【解析】considerable 意为“相当大(或多)的，值得考虑的，相当可观的”，符合题意。A 项Considerate 意为“体谅的，为别人着想的”; B 项considered 意为“经过考虑的，被尊重的”; D 项considering 意为“就… … 而论”。显然A 、B 、D 三项意思不符。

　　3 . 【答案】 D

　　【解析】 A 项What ' s more 可表示递进;B 项Hence 意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系。文中上一段提到“学习是动物的社会生活的一部分”，第二段接着讲“学习发生在动物小时候的印象中期”，两段间不存在递进或因果关系。But 在表转折时一般不与句子分开，所以D 项However 为正确答案。

　　4. 【答案】 A

　　【解析】A 项clarifies 意为“使清楚，阐明”，如：The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women . (政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。)B 项。lassifies 意为“分类，使… … 成为机密”。C 项defines 意为“下定义，界定”。D 项outlines 意为“画轮廓，拟大纲”。根据原文的意思：“一个例证很好地阐明了‘印象’的本质”。所以A 项darifies 为最佳答案。

　　5 . 【答案】 A

　　【解析】fix on 为固定搭配，意为“选定，确定，决定”。如：We ' ve fixed on the 14th of April for the wedding . (我们决定4 月14 日结婚。)

　　6.【答案】 B

　　【 解析】 此处可翻译为：“如果在‘印象’发生时，用篮球或公文包代替母鸭，小鸭子也许会跟随它们。”B 项Substituted 意为“替代;调换(常与for 连用),”如：Substituted A fo : B ，意为“用A 代替B”。appropriated 是“拨作(款项等)供专用”，如：The 即vernment appropriated a large sum of money for building schools . (政府拨出一大笔钱修建学校。)assigned 意为“指派” ; distributed 意为“分发，分配”。只有B 选项符合题意，所以B 为正确答案。

　　7 .【答案】 D

　　【解析】D 项altered 意为“改变，更改”，相当于Change ，符合题意。A 项varied 意为“变化，使不同(强调范围变化)" , vary from … to … “从… … 到… … 不等;在… … 到… … 之间”，如：The temperature varies from time to time . (温度常常变化。)B 项deviated 意为“越出正轨，违反”。C 项differed 意为“使相异”。

　　8. 【答案】 A

　　【 解析】 fashioned 在这里作动词，意为“构成，做成… … 形状”。如：He fashioned the clay into a jar . (他用豁土做成一个罐子。)B 项modified 意为“更改，修改” ; C 项influenced 意为“影响，改变” ; D 项affected 意为“影响，使感动”。显然，B 、C 、D 选项不符合题意。

　　9 . 【答案】 A

　　【解析】 by instinct 为固定用法，意为“出于本能”。如：Birds learn to fly by instinct.(鸟儿学飞是出于本能。)

　　10. 【答案】B

　　【解析】这句话译为：“大猩猩通常会成为很好的母亲。”make 在这里意为“变为，证明为”，如：He will make her a good husband . (他将成为她的好丈夫。)

本文选自新东方在线论坛。