同等学力英语语法专项复习：语态

2015-04-09 18:37:00来源：网络

【考试动态】同等学力申硕报名条件(必看) 同等学力申硕考试时间申硕学籍保留几年？
【重点推荐】同等学力英语阅读理解四个技巧同等学力英语常考词组盘点英语作文高分技巧
【常识问题】申硕必看八大报考常识申硕考试复习需准备的材料同等学力申硕如何备考

　　一、总述

　　语态(voice )是一种动词形式，表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(active voice )和被动语态(passive voice)。被动语态往往是各类考试中的侧重点。

　　英语被动语态是由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成的。被动语态的时态变化借助动词be 来实现。助动词be 要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

　　被动语态常用于下列几种情况：

　　1. 动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时。例如：

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.

　　2. 为强调动作的承受者时。例如：

　　Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

　　3. 为了修辞的需要。例如：

　　He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.

　　Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.

　　二、重要考点

　　1. 除及物动词外，一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可使用被动态形式。但在个别情况下，短语动词一般不拆开使用。例如：This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.

　　2. 不及物动词(或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词)和表示状态的动词(或短语动词)无被动语态形式，如：happen, rise, occur, take place, break out 等;以及lack, fit suit，equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like 等。例如：The story took place in 1949.

　　3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时，如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况，我们只能将其中之一变成主语，另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成主语时，保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。例如：

　　I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.

　　→My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.

　　→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.

　　4. 不定式符号to 在被动语态中不可省略。在主动语态中，感官动词和“使”动词常跟不

　　带to 的动词不定式，但在被动语态中要有to。例如：

　　I saw her pass by thewindow.

　　→She was seen to pass by the window.

　　5. 某些实义动词加副词也表示被动意义，如：wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut 等。例如：

　　This type of recorder sells well.

　　The door won’t shut closely.

　　This kind of shirt washes well.