2015年同等学力英语语法专项复习(4)

　　非谓语动词作动词宾语和宾语补足语

　　一、总述

　　1. 要求后面跟动词 + -ing 作宾语的动词和词组

　　例句：

　　I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country.

　　Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.

　　2. 要求后面跟动词不定式作宾语的动词和词组例句：

　　例句：

　　Don’t hesitate to ask me questions if you don’t understand.

　　He endeavored to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue.

　　二、重要考点

　　1. 某些动词词组也要求动词 + -ing 作宾语，例如：

　　例句：

　　Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor’s advice.

　　Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?

　　Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor countries.

　　2. 有时在形容词后面也要求用动词 + -ing ，例如: busy、worth 、worthwhile 等。例如：

　　Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?

　　3. 在point 、trouble 、difficulty 等名词后，应加介词in + 动词-ing。in 可以省略。例如：

　　There is not much point (in) thinking about it.

　　American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts.

　　4. 在it’s no use, it’s not much use, it’s no good 后要求用动词 + -ing 。但是在it is of no use 后则要用动词不定式。例如：

　　It’s no use crying about it. You must do something.

　　It’s no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

　　It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.

　　5. 在有些动词后面既可以跟动词 + -ing ，也可以跟动词不定式，这类动词有：

　　在有些动词后面，两种结构之间的意义差别不大。例如：

　　He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.

　　He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.6. 但在某些动词之后，两种结构之间的意义差别较明显。如try 、mean 、remember 、forget、regret 等动词后跟不定式或动名词意思则不同。例如：

　　We must try to solve this problem. 我们必须设法解决这个问题。

　　We can try solving this problem in other ways. 我们可以试用另一些方法来解决这一问题。

　　I must remember to pay you for the ticket. 我一定要记住把电影票的钱支付给你(支付的动作还没有发生)。I remember seeing you somewhere. 我记着在什么地方见过你(见的动作已经发生)。

　　7. demand 、deserve 、need 、require、want 等词既可以要求动词 + -ing 作宾语，也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如：

　　John’s house in the country wants painting.

　　John’s house in the country wants to be painted.

　　这两种结构意义相同。

　　8. 还有像go on、stop 这类动词如果后接动词 + -ing 则表示继续(做某事)或停止(做某事);而如果后接动词不定式则表示前面一个动作已结束或停止，继之做另一个动作。例如：

　　The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to assemble the parts according to the drawing.

　　Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang.

　　9. 要求动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel、have、hear、let、listen to 、look at 、make、notice、observe、see 和watch。在这些动词后面，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。例如：

　　I’ll try to get someone repair the recorder for you.

　　Electricity makes the motor run.

　　但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式则必须带to。例如：

　　The motor is made to run by electricity.

　　10. 在cannot but、do nothing but (except) 、had better 、had best 、rather than、would rather…than 和would sooner than 等结构后要求不带to 的动词不定式。例如：

　　I have done nothing except do what I should.

　　11. 要求动词 + -ing (短语)作宾语补足语的动词有：discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep,

　　leave, like, need, notice, observe, report, see, smell, spot, want, watch 等。例如：

　　Male secretaries sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher status professionals.

　　You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.

　　12. 其中在see 、hear 、feel、observe 、watch、notice 等动词后，既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用动词 + -ing 作宾语补足语。前者强调动作发生的事实(即动作全部过程结束)，后者则强调动作的进行过程(即动作正在进行)。例如：

　　Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.

　　I saw him making the experiment.

　　注：如果是过去分词作宾语补足语，则表示过去分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前已经完成。例如：

　　We found the work completely done.

　　三、例题

　　1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth ______.

　　A. drill and fill B. drilling and filling

　　C. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled

　　2. It’s no use our ______ any longer. He may come by any train. He is used to finding his way around.

　　A. to wait B. waiting C. to have waited D. having waited

　　3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than ______ with his knees bent.

　　A. to live B. living C. live D. lived

　　4. I forgot ______ her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.

　　A. reminding B. having reminded C. to remind D. to have reminded

　　5. It’s no good ______ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.

　　A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to

　　6. I feel like ______ to the owner of the house to complain.

　　A. writing B. to write C. write D. having written

　　7. As we approached the village we saw many new houses ______.

　　A. built B. build C. being built D. building

　　8. Tim cannot but ______ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.

　　A. to ask B. ask C. asking D. asked

　　9. Would you mind ______ quiet for a moment? I am trying ______ a form.

　　A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill out

　　C. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out

　　10. I don’t remember ______ to professor Brown during my last visit to Harvard.

　　A. having introduced B. having been introduced

　　四、例题解析

　　1. 答案：D

　　解析：动词have 作使役动词用时，其句型为have sth. done 或have sb. do sth.。

　　2. 答案：B

　　解析：在it is no use 后面要用动词 + ing 。动名词前面可以加代词所有格。

　　3. 答案：C

　　解析：在would rather… than 后面的动词要用动词原形。

　　4. 答案：C

　　解析：在动词forget 后面用不定式作宾语，表示不定式所表示的动作还未做，汉语意思“忘记去做”。

　　5. 答案：A

　　解析：在it is no good 后面要用动词 + ing 。

　　6. 答案：A

　　解析：在feel like 这处动词词组中，like 是介词，所以后面要用动词 + ing 作宾语。

　　7. 答案：C

　　解析：本句的As 表示一个具体的时间点，在动词see 后面用动词 + ing 作宾语补足语，强调该动作正在进行。由于动词 + ing 表示在动作与宾语houses 之间是动宾关系，故用动词 + ing 的被动形式。

　　8. 答案：B

　　解析：在cannot but 后面用动词原形。

　　9. 答案：C

　　解析：非谓语动词用法中mind + doing 是固定的用法，表示介意做某事。try 后的宾语用不定式时，意思是“试图”、“设法”。全句的意思为：你们安静一会儿可以吗?我正要填定一个表格。

　　10. 答案：B

　　解析：在动词remember 之后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，接动词 + ing 则表示已发生的动作。此题后面有明确表示过去的时间状语，表明动作已经发生，所以C、D 选项可以排除。由于introduce 是一个及物动词，选项A 中缺少宾语，故也可以排除。

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