2014年在职攻硕英语考试常用词汇、词组辨析(1)

　　(10)admit v. /allow v. /permit v. /approve v.

　　这几个词都有“同意，批准，允许”的意思，要注意区别运用。admit的意思是“同意进入，允许进入”(常与to连用);allow泛指“一般的同意，允许”;permit常用来表示“上下级之间的允许，批准”;approve的主要意思是“批准(条文，协议等)，赞同”(常与of连用)。

　　例：This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition.

　　这张展览会开幕式的入场券可允许两人入场。

　　His mother didn’t allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework.

　　不做完作业，他母亲不许他看电视。

　　This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages.

　　本州允许销售酒精类饮料。

　　Do you think my father would permit this?

　　你认为我父亲会同意这样做吗?

　　Congress approved the budget.

　　国会批准了该预算。

　　I do not approve at all of his moral character.

　　我根本不赞同他的道德品格。

　　(11)advantage n. /merit n. /virtue n.

　　advantage的主要意思是“优势，好处”，为可数名词，常用于短语take advantage of sth.;merit的主要意思是“优点，长处，好处，可取之处”，是可数名词，也是不可数名词;virtue的主要意思是“美德，品德，优点”，主要从事物的品质或价值的角度讲优点。

　　例：I said we could see certain advantages in a change.

　　我是说我们可以在改变中看到其优势。

　　He knew the merit of his work.

　　他了解他的工作的优点。

　　One of his virtues is that he never gets angry.

　　他的美德之一就是他从不生气。

　　(12)affair n. /event n. /incident n.

　　affair的意思是“有关的事，事务，活动等”，如foreign affairs(外事)，也常指婚外恋;event指“每日里发生的事件，事或活动，比赛项目”;incident同event意思相近，指“事件，事”，尤指较重大的、有影响的政治事件等。

　　例：They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran.

　　他们无权干涉伊朗的内政。

　　The affair remained a complete mystery.

　　那件事至今还是个谜。

　　The important event of the week was the big storm.

　　那一周中的大事就是那场大暴风雪。

　　Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children.

　　村里即将发生的大事，就是招待学校的孩子们和舞蹈表演。

　　Our team won the silver medal in this event.

　　我们队获得该项目的银牌。

　　On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.

　　事件就发生在我要离开的当天。

　　There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s.

　　50年代两国边境发生了许多大事。

　　(13)afford v. /offer v. /provide v.

　　afford的意思是“有条件担负，支付得起”;offer的意思是“给予，提出，出价”;provide的意思是“提供，供给，为……做准备”，常与for, with一起连用。

　　例：John can’t afford to give so much time to it.

　　约翰花不起这么多时间来做这件事。

　　I don’t think we’ll be able to afford any travel any more.

　　我想我们没钱再旅行了。

　　They were friendly and even offered assistance.

　　他们很友好，甚至表示愿意帮助我们。

　　Mrs. Baines offered no comment on Susan’s situation.

　　贝恩太太对苏珊的处境未做任何评论。

　　On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast.

　　周日，他的房东为他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。

　　He provided for his family by working in a factory。

　　他靠在工厂做工来养家。

　　We must provide for the future.

　　我们必须为将来做好准备。

　　(14)alarm n.&v. /warn n.&v.

　　alarm的意思是“提醒，警告”，有使警觉，使做好准备的意思;warn的意思主要指“警告，告诫”，有事先告诉可能发生的事，警告说……的意思。

　　例：There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place.

　　当夜，空袭警报拉响了数次，但并没有飞机来袭。

　　He warned us that the road was icy.

　　他警告我们说道路很滑。