2014年工程硕士GCT英语词汇语法辅导:情态动词(2)

　　二、特殊情态动词

　　除了上述的基本情态动词之外，还有一些如would rather宁可( would sooner, would (just) as soon), had rather宁可, had better最好, had sooner宁愿, can not (help) but do不得不, may/might (just) as well不妨等可用作情态动词。

　　The soldier would sooner die than surrender. 这个战士宁死不降。

　　If you don't like to swim, you may just as well stay at home. 如果你不喜欢游泳，你也可以待在家里啊。

　　这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形。但是当would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句时，从句就要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时(现多用wish表示)。例如：

　　I would rather you went home right now.我倒宁愿你现在立刻回家去。

　　I wish you hadn't asked me to speak yesterday. 我倒宁愿你昨天没邀请我讲话。

　　三、情态动词中应特别注意的典的型结构

　　They must be in the library, aren't they? 他们一定还在图书馆，对吧?

　　They must have finished their homework, didn't they?

　　Let me do it, will you? 让我来做，好么?

　　Don't move, will you? 请你别动!

　　Let's go for a walk, shall we? 咱们去散步，好么?

　　He used to live in the countryside, didn't/usedn't he? 他过去住在农村，对吧?

　　倒装结构

　　分类

　　部分倒装和全部倒装

　　部分倒装：助动词或情态动词提前

　　全部倒装：整个谓语部分提前

　　部分倒装

　　1. so (neither, nor)+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语

　　I like coffee; so does my sister.我喜欢咖啡，我妹妹也喜欢。

　　I didn't attend class yesterday; nor/neither did Mary.我昨天没去上课，玛丽也没去。

　　** "Jim is a good-swimmer."

　　"So he is."(Jim 游泳不错。答：的确这样)

　　2. 具有否定意义的词或短语位于句首，一般部分倒装。(not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstance, in no way, at no time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…but also等

　　Not only did he advise me what to do, but he also lent me the money.

　　Seldom does she do anything important without asking.

　　带情态动词的谓语倒装

　　Under no circumstance will I do such a thing.

　　带完成时的倒装只将have/has/had提前

　　No sooner had she got into the house than she realized that someone was in the bedroom.

　　Hardly had I entered the classroom when the class began.

　　3. only, so, often等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时需要倒装。

　　句首状语由 only+副词，only+介词短语，only+状语分词时

　　Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才发现表丢了。

　　Only in our country can science serve the interests of the people. 只有在我们国家科学才能服务于人民的利益。

　　Only you can do it.只有你能做这事。

　　4. 在 so ... that 的结构中, so 位于句首

　　So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光传播的很快我们无法测量其速度。

　　So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 他说话的声音很高连楼上的人都听得见。

　　So astonished was he that he could scarcely contain himself for joy.他如此吃惊竟然控制不住自己的喜悦之情。

　　Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

　　6. 虚拟句中省略if的从句中，可将had/should/were 提前形成倒装

　　Should he call me this afternoon, tell him that I will be at home from eight.(If he should call me this afternoon, tell..)

　　Had I known what was going to happen, I would never had done it.

　　Were I a bird, I would fly in the sky.

　　7.在强调宾语时

　　Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 我们应该为社会主义建设作出更大的贡献。

　　Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.从废弃液体中我们能提取有用的化学肥料。