2014年MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语(5)

　　F

　　Factors of production 生产要素

　　The inputs used to produce goods and services

　　Federal Reserve (Fed) 联邦储备

　　The central bank of the United States

　　Fiat money 法定货币

　　Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decree

　　Financial intermediaries 金融中介机构

　　Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowers

　　Financial markets 金融市场

　　Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowers

　　Financial system 金融体系

　　The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one person’s saving with another person’s investment

　　Fisher effect 费雪效应

　　The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rate

　　Fixed cost 固定成本

　　Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced

　　Fractional-reserve banking 部分准备金银行体系

　　A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reserves

　　Free rider 搭便车者

　　A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it

　　Factor demand 要素需求

　　The amount of an input demanded by a firm, given the price of the input and the quantity of output being produced; an input will be demanded up to the point where the value of the input’s marginal product equals the price of theinput

　　Federal government structure 联邦政府结构

　　A system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national, state, county, city, and others

　　Firm wealth effect 厂商的财富效应

　　lower prices or lower demand cause firms’ profits and net worth to fall, and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investment

　　Fiscal policies 财政政策

　　policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxes

　　Fixed exchange rate system 固定汇率体系

　　An exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixed in relationship to other currencies

　　Flexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率体系

　　A system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces, the law of supply and demand, without government interference

　　Fixed or overhead inputs 不变投入或分摊投入

　　inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output, at least over the short term

　　Flow statistics 流量统计

　　measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time, such as GDP, which measures output per year

　　Full-employment deficit 充分就业赤字

　　The budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment, thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistance expenditures

　　Full-employment output/ potential output 充分就业产出或潜在产出

　　The level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)