2014年MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语(4)

　　D

　　deadweight loss 无谓损失

　　The reduction in total surplus that results from a tax

　　demand curve 需求曲线

　　a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded

　　demand deposits 活期存款

　　Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a check

　　demand schedule 需求表

　　a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded

　　depreciation 贬值

　　a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy

　　depression 萧条

　　a severe recession

　　diminishing marginal product 边际产量递减

　　The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases

　　The property that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases

　　diminishing returns 收益递减

　　The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases

　　discount rate 贴现率

　　The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banks

　　discouraged workers 丧失信心的工人

　　Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job

　　discrimination 歧视

　　The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristics

　　diseconomies of scale 规模不经济

　　The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases

　　dominant strategy 优势战略

　　a strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players

　　debt 债务

　　capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interest

　　decentralization 分权化

　　organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can make decisions

　　decision tree 决策树

　　a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices and possible consequences of alternative actions

　　deficit spending 赤字支出

　　The situation that exists when government expenditures are greater than revenues

　　deflation 通货紧缩

　　a persistent decrease in the general level of prices

　　demand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平衡

　　The equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price level

　　demand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀

　　inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price level

　　demographic effects 人口效应

　　effects that arise from changes in characteristics of the population such as age, birthrates, and location

　　deregulation 放松管制

　　The lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freely

　　devaluation 贬值

　　a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate system

　　developed countries 发达国家或工业化国家

　　The wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand

　　diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减

　　The principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and less

　　dividends 股息

　　That portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholders

　　downward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性

　　The situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response to a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labor

　　dual economy 二元经济

　　The separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector and an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced technology

　　duopoly 双头垄断

　　an industry with only two firms

　　durable goods 耐用品

　　goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furniture

　　dynamic consistency 动态一致性

　　a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government announces a course of action and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policy