英语非谓语动词的用法小结(1)

2014-02-20 17:39:00来源:网络

  一、非谓动词作主语

  1.不定式作主语。如:

  To say is easier than to do.

  解析:用不定式作主语时,常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作,并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为:It is easier to say than to do.

  2.动名词作主语。如:

  Walking after supper is good for both young and old.

  解析:若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。

  二、非谓语动词作表语

  1.不定式作表语。如:

  What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.

  The library books are not allowed to be taken away.

  解析:不定式作表语时,其后接动词(词组)主动式或被动式,与其最近的动词采用原形。

  2.动名词作表语。如:

  His job is teaching.

  The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.

  解析:动名词作表语时,表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性,甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为:Teaching is his job.

  3.分词作表语。如:

  The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.

  解析:现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征,表语与主语之间是主动关系,并且常以物作主语,译为“某物怎么样”;过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的心理状态,主语和表语之间存在被动关系,并且常以人作主语,译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等。

  三、非谓语动词作宾语

  1.不定式作宾语。如:

  She pretended not to see me when I came in.

  Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.

  解析:有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有hope, agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refuse,arrange,desire等。

  2.动名词作宾语。如:

  Would you mind my opening the window?

  He didn’t remember having lived with his friend before.

  解析:有些动词(词组)后接动名词形式,表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的词有enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。

  注意:want, need, require 等动词以物作主语时,其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。如Those young trees need watering/ to be watered.另外,还有少数动词,如mean, stop, try, can’t help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词,但各自发生时间有先后。如:

  (1)—The light in the room is still on.

   —Oh, I forgot to turn it off.

  (2)—Where is your pen?

  —Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag.


本文关键字: 英语 非谓语 动词

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